If you’ve been told a previous root canal has failed, you may assume the tooth needs to be extracted. Fortunately, that’s often not the case.

While root canal treatment has a very high success rate, problems can sometimes develop months or even years later. In many cases, the tooth can still be saved with retreatment.

Why Do Root Canals Fail?

A previously treated tooth may develop new issues due to:

• Complex or difficult-to-access canals
• A delayed or failing crown/restoration
• New decay that allows bacteria to enter
• A crack or fracture in the tooth

A failed root canal does not necessarily mean something was done incorrectly. Sometimes new conditions develop long after treatment is completed.

Signs a Tooth May Need Attention

Common symptoms include:

• Pain when chewing
• Sensitivity to pressure
• Swelling around the gums
• A recurring bump on the gums
• Discomfort around a previously treated tooth

Sometimes there are no symptoms, and the problem is discovered during a routine dental exam.

What Happens Next?

An endodontic evaluation can determine the cause of the problem and whether the tooth can be saved.

Treatment options may include:

• Endodontic Retreatment – Removing the previous filling material, cleaning the canals, and resealing the tooth.
• Apicoectomy – A minor surgical procedure to remove infection around the root tip.
• Extraction – Considered only when the tooth cannot be predictably restored.

The Bottom Line

A failed root canal does not automatically mean you’ve lost the tooth. Many teeth with new or recurring problems can be successfully treated and preserved for years to come.

If you’re experiencing symptoms around a previously treated tooth, an evaluation can help determine the best treatment option before the problem becomes more serious.